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Ensuring Compliance
The last topic of the certification exam evaluates the applicants’ understanding of regulatory concerns as well as compute environment concerns. Specifically, they will need to demonstrate their knowledge of the security shared responsibility model, security guarantees in the framework of Cloud execution environments, security guarantees & constraints for different compute environments (Google Kubernetes Engine, Compute Engine, App Engine), and more.
Google Professional-Cloud-Security-Engineer Exam covers a wide range of topics related to cloud security, including security management, data protection, network security, and compliance. Professional-Cloud-Security-Engineer exam also covers topics such as identity and access management, encryption, incident response, and security monitoring. Professional-Cloud-Security-Engineer exam is designed to test the candidate's ability to apply their knowledge to real-world scenarios and solve complex security problems.
Google Professional-Cloud-Security-Engineer certification is an excellent way for professionals to demonstrate their expertise in cloud security engineering and to enhance their career prospects. With the increasing adoption of cloud technologies, the demand for certified cloud security professionals is only going to increase, making this certification more valuable than ever before.
NEW QUESTION # 128
You work at a company in a regulated industry and are responsible for ongoing security of the Cloud environment. You need to prevent and detect misconfigurations in a particular folder based on specific compliance policies. You need to adhere to industry-specific compliance policies and policies that are internal to your company. What should you do?
- A. Enable Assured Workloads on the folder level, with the specific control bundle appropriate for your industry's regulations.
- B. Create custom organization policies that follow specific business requirements. Enforce the policies on the folder level.
- C. Use Workload Manager with custom Rego policies to continuously scan the environment for misconfigurations on the folder level.C. Create a Posture file by using custom and predefined SHA or organization policies. Enforce the posture on the folder level.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The requirements are a combination of preventative and detective controls (prevent and detect misconfigurations) applied at the Folder level to meet both industry-specific (predefined standards) and internal/custom policies. The dedicated Google Cloud feature for this is Security Posture Management in Security Command Center (SCC).
Postures and Enforcement: A Security Posture is a feature within SCC Premium/Enterprise that allows you to define, deploy, and monitor the security status of your cloud assets. You can deploy postures at the organization, folder, or project level to enforce standards.
Custom and Predefined Policies: A posture combines both:
Predefined Policies: Using Security Health Analytics (SHA) detectors and mapped standards (like CIS, ISO
27001, PCI DSS) covers the industry-specific compliance requirements (detection).
Custom Policies: Using custom Organization Policy constraints and custom SHA modules allows you to enforce and detect your internal company policies (prevention and detection).
Extracts:
"In Google Cloud, you can use the security posture service in Security Command Center to define and deploy a security posture, monitor the security status of your Google Cloud resources..." (Source 2.3)
"You can deploy postures at the organization level, folder level, or project level." (Source 2.3)
"The security posture service includes the following components: Posture. One or more policy sets that enforce the preventative and detective controls that your organization requires to meet its security standard...
Supported policies are the following: Organization Policy constraints, including custom constraints
[Preventative]. Security Health Analytics detectors, including custom modules [Detective]." (Source 2.3, 8.2) Option C correctly identifies the comprehensive solution for both prevention and detection using a Posture file, which supports custom and predefined policies enforced at the required scope (folder).
NEW QUESTION # 129
Your company is moving to Google Cloud. You plan to sync your users first by using Google Cloud Directory Sync (GCDS). Some employees have already created Google Cloud accounts by using their company email addresses that were created outside of GCDS. You must create your users on Cloud Identity.
What should you do?
- A. Use the transfer tool to migrate unmanaged users.
- B. Configure GCDS and use GCDS exclusion rules to ensure users are not suspended.
- C. Configure GCDS and use GCDS search rules lo sync these users.
- D. Write a custom script to identify existing Google Cloud users and call the Admin SDK Directory API to transfer their account.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 130
A business unit at a multinational corporation signs up for GCP and starts moving workloads into GCP. The business unit creates a Cloud Identity domain with an organizational resource that has hundreds of projects.
Your team becomes aware of this and wants to take over managing permissions and auditing the domain resources.
Which type of access should your team grant to meet this requirement?
- A. Organization Administrator
- B. Security Reviewer
- C. Organization Role Administrator
- D. Organization Policy Administrator
Answer: D
Explanation:
https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/access-control-org
NEW QUESTION # 131
You need to connect your organization's on-premises network with an existing Google Cloud environment that includes one Shared VPC with two subnets named Production and Non-Production. You are required to:
Use a private transport link.
Configure access to Google Cloud APIs through private API endpoints originating from on-premises environments.
Ensure that Google Cloud APIs are only consumed via VPC Service Controls.
What should you do?
- A. 1. Set up a Direct Peering link between the on-premises environment and Google Cloud.2. Configure private access for both VPC subnets.
- B. 1. Set up a Dedicated Interconnect link between the on-premises environment and Google Cloud.2.Configure private access using the restricted.googleapis.com domains in on-premises DNS configurations.
- C. 1. Set up a Partner Interconnect link between the on-premises environment and Google Cloud.2.
Configure private access using the private.googleapis.com domains in on-premises DNS configurations. - D. 1. Set up a Cloud VPN link between the on-premises environment and Google Cloud.2. Configure private access using the restricted googleapis.com domains in on-premises DNS configurations.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Set up a Dedicated Interconnect link between the on-premises environment and Google Cloud:
Dedicated Interconnect provides a direct physical connection between your on-premises network and Google's network, which is ideal for high-throughput, low-latency connections.
Request a Dedicated Interconnect from the Google Cloud Console, specifying the required bandwidth and location.
Once provisioned, set up the connection on your on-premises router and configure the BGP sessions to exchange routes with Google Cloud.
Configure private access using the restricted.googleapis.com domains in on-premises DNS configurations:
Configure your on-premises DNS server to resolve Google APIs to restricted.googleapis.com. This ensures that the traffic stays within the Google network and is not exposed to the public internet.
Update your DNS settings to use restricted.googleapis.com for the necessary API endpoints.
This setup ensures that all Google Cloud API traffic is routed through the private link and subject to VPC Service Controls for additional security and compliance.
References:
Dedicated Interconnect Overview
Configuring DNS to use restricted.googleapis.com
NEW QUESTION # 132
Your organization acquired a new workload. The Web and Application (App) servers will be running on Compute Engine in a newly created custom VPC. You are responsible for configuring a secure network communication solution that meets the following requirements:
- Only allows communication between the Web and App tiers.
- Enforces consistent network security when autoscaling the Web and App tiers.
- Prevents Compute Engine Instance Admins from altering network traffic.
What should you do?
- A. 1. Re-deploy the Web and App servers with instance templates configured with respective service accounts. 2. Create an allow VPC firewall rule that specifies the target/source with respective service accounts.
- B. 1. Re-deploy the Web and App servers with instance templates configured with respective network tags. 2. Create an allow VPC firewall rule that specifies the target/source with respective network tags.
- C. 1. Configure all running Web and App servers with respective network tags. 2. Create an allow VPC firewall rule that specifies the target/source with respective network tags.
- D. 1. Configure all running Web and App servers with respective service accounts. 2. Create an allow VPC firewall rule that specifies the target/source with respective service accounts.
Answer: A
Explanation:
https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/firewalls#service-accounts-vs-tags
A service account represents an identity associated with an instance. Only one service account can be associated with an instance. You control access to the service account by controlling the grant of the Service Account User role for other IAM principals. For an IAM principal to start an instance by using a service account, that principal must have the Service Account User role to at least use that service account and appropriate permissions to create instances (for example, having the Compute Engine Instance Admin role to the project).
NEW QUESTION # 133
A customer wants to move their sensitive workloads to a Compute Engine-based cluster using Managed Instance Groups (MIGs). The jobs are bursty and must be completed quickly. They have a requirement to be able to manage and rotate the encryption keys.
Which boot disk encryption solution should you use on the cluster to meet this customer's requirements?
- A. Pre-encrypting files before transferring to Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for analysis
- B. Encryption by default
- C. Customer-supplied encryption keys (CSEK)
- D. Customer-managed encryption keys (CMEK) using Cloud Key Management Service (KMS)
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/dynamic-provisioning-cmek
NEW QUESTION # 134
You are backing up application logs to a shared Cloud Storage bucket that is accessible to both the administrator and analysts. Analysts should not have access to logs that contain any personally identifiable information (PII). Log files containing PII should be stored in another bucket that is only accessible to the administrator. What should you do?
- A. Use Pub/Sub and Cloud Functions to trigger a Cloud Data Loss Prevention scan every time a file is uploaded to the administrator's bucket. If the scan does not detect Pll, have the function move the objects into the shared Cloud Storage bucket.
- B. Upload the logs to both the shared bucket and the bucket with Pll that is only accessible to the administrator. Use the Cloud Data Loss Prevention API to create a job trigger. Configure the trigger to delete any files that contain Pll from the shared bucket.
- C. On the shared bucket, configure a Cloud Storage trigger that is only triggered when Pll is uploaded. Use Cloud Functions to capture the trigger and delete the files that contain Pll.
- D. On the shared bucket, configure Object Lifecycle Management to delete objects that contain Pll.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 135
An organization adopts Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for application hosting services and needs guidance on setting up password requirements for their Cloud Identity account. The organization has a password policy requirement that corporate employee passwords must have a minimum number of characters.
Which Cloud Identity password guidelines can the organization use to inform their new requirements?
- A. Set the minimum length for passwords to be 10 characters.
- B. Set the minimum length for passwords to be 6 characters.
- C. Set the minimum length for passwords to be 8 characters.
- D. Set the minimum length for passwords to be 12 characters.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Default password length is 8 characters. https://support.google.com/cloudidentity/answer/33319?hl=en
https://support.google.com/cloudidentity/answer/139399?hl=en#:~:text=It%20can%20be%20between%208,deci
NEW QUESTION # 136
You are on your company's development team. You noticed that your web application hosted in staging on GKE dynamically includes user data in web pages without first properly validating the inputted dat a. This could allow an attacker to execute gibberish commands and display arbitrary content in a victim user's browser in a production environment.
How should you prevent and fix this vulnerability?
- A. Use Cloud IAP based on IP address or end-user device attributes to prevent and fix the vulnerability.
- B. Set up an HTTPS load balancer, and then use Cloud Armor for the production environment to prevent the potential XSS attack.
- C. Use Web Security Scanner to validate the usage of an outdated library in the code, and then use a secured version of the included library.
- D. Use Web Security Scanner in staging to simulate an XSS injection attack, and then use a templating system that supports contextual auto-escaping.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference:
https://cloud.google.com/security-scanner/docs/remediate-findings
NEW QUESTION # 137
Your team uses a service account to authenticate data transfers from a given Compute Engine virtual machine instance of to a specified Cloud Storage bucket. An engineer accidentally deletes the service account, which breaks application functionality. You want to recover the application as quickly as possible without compromising security.
What should you do?
- A. Update the permissions of another existing service account and supply those credentials to the applications.
- B. Temporarily disable authentication on the Cloud Storage bucket.
- C. Use the undelete command to recover the deleted service account.
- D. Create a new service account with the same name as the deleted service account.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/reference/rest/v1/projects.serviceAccounts/undelete
NEW QUESTION # 138
Your organization has Google Cloud applications that require access to external web services. You must monitor, control, and log access to these services. What should you do?
- A. Configure Google Cloud Armor to monitor and protect your applications by checking incoming traffic patterns for attack patterns.
- B. Set up a Cloud NAT instance to allow egress traffic from your VPC.
- C. Configure VPC firewall rules to allow the services to access the IP addresses of required external web services.
- D. Set up a Secure Web Proxy that allows access to the specific external web services. Configure applications to use the proxy for the web service requests.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The problem states that Google Cloud applications need to access external web services and requires the ability to monitor, control, and log this access.
Monitoring, Controlling, and Logging external web access: This specifically points to a proxy solution, which can intercept, inspect, and log HTTP/S traffic.
Secure Web Proxy (SWP): Google Cloud's Secure Web Proxy is designed for exactly this use case. It acts as an explicit forward proxy for HTTP(S) traffic, allowing organizations to implement granular access controls, inspect traffic for security threats, and log all outbound web requests from their Google Cloud environment.
Extract Reference: "Secure Web Proxy is a managed service that lets you deploy and manage an explicit forward proxy to protect your organization's internal resources from web-based threats and to control access to external web applications." and "With Secure Web Proxy, you can: Enforce granular access policies based on different attributes, Log all HTTP(S) requests that are handled by the proxy, and Monitor web traffic for threats." (Google Cloud documentation: https://cloud.google.com/secure-web-proxy) Let's evaluate the other options:
A). Configure VPC firewall rules to allow the services to access the IP addresses of required external web services: VPC firewall rules operate at Layer 4 (TCP/UDP) and Layer 3 (IP). While they can allow or deny traffic to specific IP addresses and ports, they cannot monitor, control, or log HTTP/S requests at the application layer. They don't provide granular control over which web services are accessed or inspect the content of the requests.
C). Configure Google Cloud Armor to monitor and protect your applications by checking incoming traffic patterns for attack patterns: Google Cloud Armor is primarily a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) protection and Web Application Firewall (WAF) service. It focuses on protecting applications from incoming threats (ingress traffic), not controlling and logging outgoing access to external web services.
D). Set up a Cloud NAT instance to allow egress traffic from your VPC: Cloud NAT allows instances without external IP addresses to connect to the internet. While it enables egress, it does not provide monitoring, control, or logging capabilities for specific web services at the application layer. It's a network address translation service, not an application-layer proxy.
Therefore, setting up a Secure Web Proxy is the most appropriate solution to meet the requirements of monitoring, controlling, and logging access to external web services from Google Cloud applications.
NEW QUESTION # 139
In order to meet PCI DSS requirements, a customer wants to ensure that all outbound traffic is authorized.
Which two cloud offerings meet this requirement without additional compensating controls? (Choose two.)
- A. Cloud Storage
- B. Google Kubernetes Engine
- C. Compute Engine
- D. App Engine
- E. Cloud Functions
Answer: C,D
NEW QUESTION # 140
Your company's users access data in a BigQuery table. You want to ensure they can only access the data during working hours.
What should you do?
- A. Run a gsuttl script that assigns a BigQuery Data Viewer role, and remove it only during the specified working hours.
- B. Assign a BigQuery Data Viewer role along with an 1AM condition that limits the access to specified working hours.
- C. Configure Cloud Scheduler so that it triggers a Cloud Functions instance that modifies the organizational policy constraints for BigQuery during the specified working hours.
- D. Assign a BigQuery Data Viewer role to a service account that adds and removes the users daily during the specified working hours
Answer: B
Explanation:
o ensure that users can only access the data in a BigQuery table during working hours, you can assign the BigQuery Data Viewer role with an IAM condition that specifies the allowed access times. This method leverages IAM Conditions, which allow you to define and enforce time-based access policies. Here's how to do it:
Identify the BigQuery Table: Determine which BigQuery table(s) require restricted access.
Create an IAM Policy with Conditions: Define an IAM policy that includes a condition for time-based access. You can do this using the Google Cloud Console, gcloud command-line tool, or directly editing the IAM policy JSON.
Specify Working Hours: In the IAM condition, specify the time frame during which access is allowed. For example, you can set access to be allowed from 9 AM to 5 PM on weekdays.
Assign the Role with Conditions: Apply the policy to the users or groups who need access. Ensure that the condition is correctly attached to the BigQuery Data Viewer role.
Example using gcloud:
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding [PROJECT_ID] \
--member=user:[USER_EMAIL] \
--role=roles/bigquery.dataViewer \
--condition=expression="(request.time.getFullYear() == 2024) && (request.time.getDayOfWeek() in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) && (request.time.getHours() >= 9) && (request.time.getHours() < 17)",title="Working hours condition",description="Access limited to working hours" Reference:
Google Cloud IAM Conditions
Google Cloud BigQuery IAM Roles
NEW QUESTION # 141
You are part of a security team investigating a compromised service account key. You need to audit which new resources were created by the service account.
What should you do?
- A. Query Stackdriver Monitoring Workspace.
- B. Query Access Transparency logs.
- C. Query Admin Activity logs.
- D. Query Data Access logs.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Admin activity logs are always created to log entries for API calls or other actions that modify the configuration or metadata of resources. For example, these logs record when users create VM instances or change Identity and Access Management permissions.
NEW QUESTION # 142
You are deploying a web application hosted on Compute Engine. A business requirement mandates that application logs are preserved for 12 years and data is kept within European boundaries. You want to implement a storage solution that minimizes overhead and is cost-effective. What should you do?
- A. Configure your Compute Engine instances to use the Google Cloud's operations suite Cloud Logging agent to send application logs to a custom log bucket in the EUROPE-WEST1 region with a custom retention of 12 years.
- B. Use a Pub/Sub topic to forward your application logs to a Cloud Storage bucket in the EUROPE-WEST1 region.
- C. Configure a custom retention policy of 12 years on your Google Cloud's operations suite log bucket in the EUROPE-WEST1 region.
- D. Create a Cloud Storage bucket to store your logs in the EUROPE-WEST1 region. Modify your application code to ship logs directly to your bucket for increased efficiency.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 143
You are exporting application logs to Cloud Storage. You encounter an error message that the log sinks don't support uniform bucket-level access policies. How should you resolve this error?
- A. Add the roles/logging.logWriter Identity and Access Management (IAM) role to the bucket for the log sink identity.
- B. Change the access control model for the bucket
- C. Add the roles/logging.bucketWriter Identity and Access Management (IAM) role to the bucket for the log sink identity.
- D. Update your sink with the correct bucket destination.
Answer: B
Explanation:
https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/export/troubleshoot#errors_exporting_to_cloud_storage
https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/export/troubleshoot
Unable to grant correct permissions to the destination: Even if the sink was successfully created with the correct service account permissions, this error message displays if the access control model for the Cloud Storage bucket was set to uniform access when the bucket was created. For existing Cloud Storage buckets, you can change the access control model for the first 90 days after bucket creation by using the Permissions tab. For new buckets, select the Fine-grained access control model during bucket creation. For details, see Creating Cloud Storage buckets.
NEW QUESTION # 144
You are consulting with a client that requires end-to-end encryption of application data (including data in transit, data in use, and data at rest) within Google Cloud.
Which options should you utilize to accomplish this? (Choose two.)
- A. Confidential Computing and Istio
- B. Hardware Security Module
- C. Client-side encryption
- D. External Key Manager
- E. Customer-supplied encryption keys
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Google Cloud customers with additional requirements for encryption of data over WAN can choose to implement further protections for data as it moves from a user to an application, or virtual machine to virtual machine. These protections include IPSec tunnels, Gmail S/MIME, managed SSL certificates, and Istio.
https://cloud.google.com/docs/security/encryption-in-transit
NEW QUESTION # 145
You are responsible for protecting highly sensitive data in BigQuery. Your operations teams need access to this data, but given privacy regulations, you want to ensure that they cannot read the sensitive fields such as email addresses and first names. These specific sensitive fields should only be available on a need-to-know basis to the HR team. What should you do?
- A. Perform data masking with the DLP API and store that data in BigQuery for later use.
- B. Perform tokenization for Pseudonymization with the DLP API and store that data in BigQuery for later use.
- C. Perform data redaction with the DLP API and store that data in BigQuery for later use.
- D. Perform data inspection with the DLP API and store that data in BigQuery for later use.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 146
Your DevOps team uses Packer to build Compute Engine images by using this process:
1. Create an ephemeral Compute Engine VM.
2. Copy a binary from a Cloud Storage bucket to the VM's file system.
3. Update the VM's package manager.
4. Install external packages from the internet onto the VM.
Your security team just enabled the organizational policy, constraints/ compute.vmExternalIpAccess, to restrict the usage of public IP Addresses on VMs. In response, your DevOps team updated their scripts to remove public IP addresses on the Compute Engine VMs; however, the build pipeline is failing due to connectivity issues.
What should you do? (Choose two.)
- A. Update the VPC routes to allow traffic to and from the internet.
- B. Provision a Cloud NAT instance in the same VPC and region as the Compute Engine VM.
- C. Enable Private Google Access on the subnet that the Compute Engine VM is deployed within.
- D. Provision an HTTP load balancer with the VM in an unmanaged instance group to allow inbound connections from the internet to your VM.
- E. Provision a Cloud VPN tunnel in the same VPC and region as the Compute Engine VM.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Provision a Cloud NAT instance (Option B): Cloud NAT allows your Compute Engine instances without public IP addresses to access the internet while preserving the security restrictions imposed by your organizational policy. By provisioning a Cloud NAT instance in the same VPC and region as your Compute Engine VMs, you enable outbound connectivity for these VMs.
Enable Private Google Access (Option C): Enabling Private Google Access on the subnet where your Compute Engine VMs are deployed allows these instances to access Google Cloud services over the private IP address range. This can help with accessing external resources needed during the Packer image build process without exposing the VMs to the public internet.
NEW QUESTION # 147
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