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NEW QUESTION 160
Key factors affecting thermal fatigue are the magnitude of the temperature and the __________.
- A. Number of cycles
- B. Pressure
- C. Stress
- D. Alloy composition
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 161
Equipment that is temper embrittled may be susceptible to _______ during start-up and shutdown.
- A. Stress fatigue
- B. Brittle fracture
- C. Creep
- D. Thermal fatigue
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 162
The "L" grade of stainless steels will sensitize if exposed more than several hours above _______ or long term above _____.
- A. 1000(o) F, 750(o) F
- B. 1100(o) F, 800(o) F
- C. 1200(o) F, 800(o) F
- D. 1000(o), 600(o) F
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 163
Which of the following are affected by sulfidation?
- A. 400 Series SS
- B. All of the above
- C. 300 Series SS
- D. Carbon steel
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 164
Which of the following materials are affected by mechanical fatigue cracking?
- A. Only carbon steel, and high nickel alloys
- B. Only carbon steel
- C. Only carbon steel and chromes
- D. All materials
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 165
Hydrochloric acid corrosion is a general and localized corrosion and is very aggressive to most common materials of construction. Damage in refineries is often associated with dew point corrosion in which vapors containing _______ and hydrogen chloride condense from the overhead stream of a distillation, fractionation, or stripping tower.
- A. O(2)
- B. H(2)O
- C. CO(2)
- D. O
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 166
Refractory lined equipment should be designed for erosion, thermal shock and __________.
- A. All of the above
- B. Thermal contraction
- C. Thermal expansion
- D. Thermal fatigue
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
NEW QUESTION 167
____________ is often found in piping and equipment that handles caustic, including H(2)S and mercaptan removal units, as well as equipment that uses caustic for neutralization in sulfuric acid and HF acid units.
- A. Sulfide corrosion
- B. Caustic embrittlement
- C. Carburization
- D. Hydrogen cracking
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 168
The dewpoint of hydrochloric acid depends on the concentration of hydrogen chloride. It is typically about _________.
- A. 160(o) F
- B. 130(o) F
- C. 180(o) F
- D. 110(o) F
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 169
Permanent deformation occurring at relatively low stress levels as a result of localized overheating is called
________.
- A. Temper embrittlement
- B. Brittle fracture
- C. Stress cracking
- D. Stress rupture
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
NEW QUESTION 170
A loss in ductility of high strength steels due to the penetration of atomic hydrogen can lead to brittle cracking called hydrogen embrittlement. Which of the following materials is susceptible to HE.
- A. Low alloy steel
- B. 400 Series SS
- C. All of the above
- D. Carbon steel
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 171
__________ is a change in the microstructure of certain carbon steels and 0.5 Mo steels after long term operation in the 800º F to 1100º F range.
- A. Temper Embrittlement
- B. Graphitization
- C. Creep
- D. Softening
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 172
_________ corrosion rates are found in a gas oil desulfurizers and hydrocrackers than naphtha desulfurizers and hydrocrackers by a factor of almost "2".
- A. Lower
- B. Sulfidation
- C. Higher
- D. Hydrogen corrosion
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 173
Soil corrosion of carbon steel can be minimized through the use of special backfill, coatings and _______.
- A. Cathodic protection
- B. None of the above
- C. Resistivity
- D. Temperature
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 174
Hardness levels above ________ are highly susceptible to hydrogen stress cracking (HF). Time-to-failure decreases as the hardness increases.
- A. 225 BHN
- B. 237 BHN
- C. 247 BHN
- D. 241 BHN
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 175
NAC may be found in hot hydrocarbon streams downstream of the crude and vacuum units, __________ any hydrogen mix point.
- A. Downstream of
- B. Around
- C. Upstream of
- D. Adjacent to
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 176
Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) is defined as cracking of metal under the combined action of tensile stress and corrosion in the presence of _________ and _________.
- A. Water, H(2)S
- B. Sulfur, Oxide
- C. Hydrogen, water
- D. H(2)S, Oxygen
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 177
Which of these materials are susceptible to brittle fracture?
- A. Carbon steels
- B. Low alloy steels
- C. 400 Series SS
- D. All of the above
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 178
The major factors affecting high temperature sulfidation are the temperature, the presence of hydrogen, the concentration of H(2)S and the __________.
- A. Velocity
- B. Alloy content
- C. Water content
- D. Pressure
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 179
Cooling water corrosion is a concern with water-cooled __________ and cooling towers in all applications across all industries.
- A. Piping
- B. Exchangers
- C. Vessels
- D. Pumps
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 180
_________ is the result of cyclic stress caused by variations in temperature.
- A. Cyclic Cracking
- B. Thermal Fatigue
- C. Creep
- D. Stress Corrosion Cracking
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 181
Steel hardness, __________ and stress are critical factors in causing hydrogen stress cracking.
- A. None of the above
- B. Strength
- C. Temperature
- D. Alloy composition
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 182
Exposure to high solution strength caustic can result in general corrosion or high corrosion rates above
________.
- A. 150º F
- B. 175º F
- C. 125º F
- D. 100º F
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 183
It is generally accepted that stresses approaching _________ are required for SCC to occur so that thermal stress relief is effective in preventing caustic SCC.
- A. MAWP
- B. Yield
- C. Critical
- D. Creep range
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 184
Cracking of dissimilar weld metals occurs in the __________ side of a weld joining 300 Series SS and carbon steel.
- A. Ferritic
- B. Austenitic
- C. None of the above
- D. Both of the above
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 185
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