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NEW QUESTION # 453
IS 審計員應確保下列哪一項分類為最高敏感等級？
- A. 滲透測試結果
- B. 緊急變更記錄
- C. IT 安全事件
- D. 機房訪問歷史記錄
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The IS auditor should ensure that penetration test results are classified at the highest level of sensitivity, because they contain detailed information about the vulnerabilities and weaknesses of the IT systems and networks, as well as the methods and tools used by the testers to exploit them. Penetration test results can be used by malicious actors to launch cyberattacks or cause damage to the organization if they are disclosed or accessed without authorization. Therefore, they should be protected with the highest level of confidentiality, integrity and availability. The other options are not as sensitive as penetration test results, because they either do not reveal as much information about the IT security posture, or they are already known or reported by the organization. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version)1, Chapter 5, Section 5.2.4
NEW QUESTION # 454
在實體安全審計期間，資訊系統審計員獲得了一個接近徽章，可以進入公司辦公大樓的三個特定樓層。下列哪一個問題最應該引起關注？
- A. 野外工作期間不需要護送。
- B. 鄰近徽章在審計現場工作的前兩天不起作用。
- C. 對於不成功的嘗試存取違規沒有後續行動。
- D. 接近徽章錯誤地授予了對受限區域的存取權限。
Answer: D
Explanation:
The proximity badge incorrectly granting access to restricted areas is the most concerning issue, as it indicates a failure of the access control system to enforce the principle of least privilege and protect the sensitive or critical assets of the organization. The proximity badge should only grant access to the areas that are necessary for the IS auditor to perform the audit fieldwork, and not to any other areas that may contain confidential information, valuable equipment, or hazardous materials. The incorrect access could result in unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of the assets, as well as potential safety or legal issues.
References
ISACA CISA Review Manual, 27th Edition, page 254
Office & Workplace Physical Security Assessment Checklist
Physical Security: Planning, Measures & Examples
NEW QUESTION # 455
下列哪一項是品質保證 (QA) 團隊的主要職責？
- A. 建立測試資料以促進使用者驗收測試 (IJAT) 流程
- B. 就品質管理問題和補救措施向指導委員會提供建議
- C. 實施程序以促進採用品質管理最佳實踐
- D. 管理員工入職流程與背景調查
Answer: C
Explanation:
A quality assurance (QA) team is a group of professionals who are responsible for ensuring that the products or services of an organization meet the quality standards and expectations of customers and stakeholders1. A QA team performs various activities, such as:
Planning, designing, and executing quality tests and audits to verify the quality of the products or services1 Identifying, analyzing, and reporting quality issues, defects, or non-conformities1 Recommending and implementing corrective and preventive actions to resolve quality problems and prevent recurrence1 Monitoring and measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of the quality processes and improvements1 Establishing and maintaining quality documentation, records, and reports1 Providing quality training, guidance, and support to the staff and management1 One of the primary responsibilities of a QA team is to implement procedures to facilitate adoption of quality management best practices. Quality management best practices are the methods, techniques, or tools that have been proven to be effective in achieving and maintaining high-quality standards in an organization2. Some examples of quality management best practices are:
Adopting a customer-focused approach that aims to meet or exceed customer requirements and satisfaction2 Implementing a process approach that manages the interrelated activities as a coherent system2 Applying continuous improvement methods that seek to enhance the performance and value of the products or services2 Using evidence-based decision making that relies on factual data and information2 Developing a culture of engagement and empowerment that involves and motivates the people in the organization2 By implementing procedures to facilitate adoption of quality management best practices, a QA team can help the organization achieve the following benefits:
Improve the quality and reliability of the products or services2
Reduce the costs and risks associated with poor quality or non-compliance2 Increase the customer loyalty and retention2 Enhance the reputation and competitiveness of the organization2 Foster a culture of excellence and innovation in the organization2 The other options are not primary responsibilities of a QA team. Creating test data to facilitate the user acceptance testing (UAT) process is a task that can be performed by a QA team, but it is not their main duty. UAT is a process in which the end users test the product or service to ensure that it meets their needs and expectations before it is released or deployed3. A QA team can create test data to simulate real-world scenarios and conditions for UAT, but they are not directly involved in conducting UAT. Managing employee onboarding processes and background checks is not a responsibility of a QA team. Employee onboarding is a process in which new hires are integrated into the organization, while background checks are screenings that verify the identity, credentials, and history of potential employees4. These processes are usually handled by the human resources department or an external agency, not by a QA team. Advising the steering committee on quality management issues and remediation efforts is not a primary responsibility of a QA team. A steering committee is a group of senior executives or managers who provide strategic direction, oversight, and support for a project or program5. A QA team can advise the steering committee on quality management issues and remediation efforts, but they are not accountable for making decisions or implementing actions. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
References:
Quality Assurance Team: Roles & Responsibilities
What are the Best Practices in Quality Management?
User Acceptance Testing (UAT): A Complete Guide
Employee Onboarding Process: Definition & Best Practices
What Is A Steering Committee? - The Basics
NEW QUESTION # 456
在審核系統開發專案的可行性研究時，資訊系統審核員應該：
- A. 審查成本效益文件的合理性。
- B. 審核專案團隊主要成員的資格。
- C. 確保供應商合約經過法律顧問的審查。
- D. 審查提案請求 (RFP) 以確保其涵蓋工作範圍。
Answer: A
Explanation:
A feasibility study is an assessment that determines the likelihood of a proposed project being successful, such as a new system development1. A feasibility study typically covers various aspects of the project, such as technical, economic, operational and legal feasibility2. The IS auditor's role is to audit the feasibility study and ensure that it is objective, realistic and reliable3.
One of the most important aspects of a feasibility study is the economic feasibility, which analyzes the costs and benefits of the proposed system and compares them with alternative solutions2. The economic feasibility study should include a detailed breakdown of the development, implementation and operational costs, as well as the expected revenues, savings and intangible benefits of the system3. The IS auditor should review the cost-benefit documentation for reasonableness and accuracy, and verify that the assumptions and calculations are valid and supported by evidence3.
The other options are not directly related to auditing the feasibility study of a system development project.
Reviewing qualifications of key members of the project team (option A) is more relevant to auditing the project management and human resources aspects of the project. Reviewing the request for proposal (RFP) to ensure that it covers the scope of work (option B) is more relevant to auditing the procurement and vendor selection process of the project. Ensuring that vendor contracts are reviewed by legal counsel (option D) is more relevant to auditing the legal and contractual aspects of the project.
References: 3: Types of Feasibility Study in Software Project Development 2: Feasibility Analysis in System Development Process 1: What Is a Feasibility Study? Definition, Benefits and Types
NEW QUESTION # 457
下列哪一項是 IS 審核員確定資料遷移完整性的最佳方法？
- A. 檢查資料遷移的正式部門審查。
- B. 檢查已實施的資料清理流程。
- C. 查看遷移日誌以識別可能的失敗。
- D. 使遷移的記錄與來源系統中的記錄保持一致。
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 458
IS 審核員偵測到關鍵伺服器上的事件日誌記錄已停用。下列哪一項是最令人擔憂的？
- A. 解決事件問題的能力有限。
- B. 組織策略不禁止停用事件日誌。
- C. 未經授權的交易可能不會被偵測到。
- D. 使用者可以停用日誌記錄。
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 459
下列哪一項是緩解將網路流量重新導向到未經授權的網站的攻擊的最佳控制方法？
- A. 定期進行使用者安全意識培訓。
- B. 使用基於網路的防火牆。
- C. 執行滿足複雜性要求的強密碼原則。
- D. 進行網域名稱系統（DNS）伺服器安全加固。
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The best control to mitigate attacks that redirect Internet traffic to an unauthorized website is to perform domain name system (DNS) server security hardening. DNS servers are responsible for resolving domain names into IP addresses, and they are often targeted by attackers who want to manipulate or spoof DNS records to redirect users to malicious websites4. By applying security best practices to DNS servers, such as encrypting DNS traffic, implementing DNSSEC, restricting access and updating patches, the organization can reduce the risk of DNS hijacking attacks. A network-based firewall, user security awareness training and a strong password policy are also important controls, but they are not as effective as DNS server security hardening in preventing this specific type of attack. References:
CISA Review Manual, 27th Edition, page 4021
CISA Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Database - 12 Month Subscription
NEW QUESTION # 460
在整個開發生命週期中審查專案計劃和狀態報告將：
- A. 無須執行風險評估。
- B. 將專案進度的記錄延後到最後階段。
- C. 保證專案將實現其預期的可交付成果。
- D. 促進專案生命週期中資源的最佳利用。
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 461
下列哪一項是與從傳統人力資源 (HR) 系統到基於雲端的系統的資料遷移相關的最大安全風險？
- A. 來自來源系統和目標系統的資料可能會被攔截。
- B. 超過保留期的記錄可能無法移轉到新系統。
- C. 來自來源系統和目標系統的資料可能具有不同的資料格式。
- D. 系統效能可能會受到遷移的影響。
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 462
在對一家跨國銀行的處置流程進行審計時，資訊系統審計員注意到了幾項調查結果。下列哪一項應該是審計師最關心的問題？
- A. 使用消磁代替物理粉碎。
- B. 備份媒體在廢棄前不會經過檢查。
- C. 硬體未被認證供應商破壞。
- D. 備份媒體在保留期結束前被丟棄
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
During an audit of a multinational bank's disposal process, an IS auditor should be most concerned about backup media being disposed before the end of the retention period. This is because backup media contain sensitive and critical data that may be required for business continuity, legal compliance, or forensic purposes.
Disposing backup media prematurely may result in data loss, unavailability, or corruption, which may have severe consequences for the bank's reputation, operations, and security. Backup media not being reviewed before disposal, degaussing being used instead of physical shredding, and hardware not being destroyed by a certified vendor are also findings that may pose some risks to the bank's disposal process, but they are not as critical as backup media being disposed before the end of the retention period. References: ISACA CISA Review Manual 27th Edition, page 302.
NEW QUESTION # 463
下列哪一項是遵循配置管理流程來維護應用程式的主要原因？
- A. 確保適當的變更控制
- B. 遵循系統強化標準
- C. 最佳化系統資源
- D. 最佳化資產管理工作流程
Answer: A
Explanation:
Following a configuration management process to maintain applications is the primary reason for ensuring proper change control. Configuration management is a process of identifying, documenting, controlling, and verifying the configuration items and their interrelationships within an IT system or environment. Following a configuration management process can help to ensure that any changes to the applications are authorized, tested, documented, and tracked throughout their lifecycle. This will help to prevent unauthorized or improper changes that could affect the functionality, performance, or security of the applications. The other options are not the primary reasons for following a configuration management process, but rather possible benefits or outcomes of doing so. References:
* CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 4, Section 4.3.31
* CISA Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Database, Question ID 225
NEW QUESTION # 464
下列哪一項是偵探控制？
- A. 資料輸入的程式編輯檢查
- B. 備份過程
- C. 使用通行卡存取實體設施
- D. 哈希總數驗證
Answer: D
Explanation:
Verification of hash totals is a detective control. A detective control is a control that aims to identify and report errors or irregularities that have already occurred. Verification of hash totals is a technique that compares the hash values of data before and after transmission or processing to detect any changes or corruption. The other options are examples of other types of controls, such as programmed edit checks (preventive), backup procedures (recovery), and use of pass cards (preventive). References: CISA Review Manual, 27th Edition, page 223
NEW QUESTION # 465
IT 治理架構的實施要求組織的董事會：
- A. 了解所有 IT 計劃。
- B. 核准 IT 策略。
- C. 解決 IT 技術問題。
- D. 成立 IT 策略委員會。
Answer: B
Explanation:
IT governance is a framework that defines the roles, responsibilities, and processes for aligning IT strategy with business strategy. The board of directors of an organization is ultimately accountable for IT governance and has the authority to approve the IT strategy. The board of directors does not need to address technical IT issues, be informed of all IT initiatives, or have an IT strategy committee, as these tasks can be delegated to other stakeholders or committees within the organization.
NEW QUESTION # 466
IS 審核員決定供應商的可交付成果不包括新採購產品的原始碼。為了解決這個問題，審計師建議將下列哪些內容包含在合約中？
- A. 審計權條款
- B. 服務等級協定 (SLA)
- C. 保密與資料保護條款
- D. 軟體託管協議
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 467
在線上應用程式中，下列哪一項可提供有關交易審計追蹤的最多資訊？
- A. 檔案佈局
- B. 原始碼文檔
- C. 資料架構
- D. 系統/流程圖
Answer: C
Explanation:
In an online application, data architecture provides the most information about the transaction audit trail, as it describes how data are created, stored, processed, accessed and exchanged among different components of the application. Data architecture includes data models, schemas, dictionaries, metadata, standards and policies that define the structure, quality, integrity, security and governance of data. Data architecture can help the IS auditor to trace the origin, flow, transformation and destination of data in an online transaction, and to identify the key data elements, attributes and relationships that are relevant for audit purposes. A system/process flowchart is a graphical representation of the sequence of steps or activities that are performed by a system or process. A system/process flowchart can provide some information about the transaction audit trail, but it is not as detailed or comprehensive as data architecture. A system/process flowchart shows the inputs, outputs, decisions and actions of a system or process, but it does not show the data elements, attributes and relationships that are involved in each step or activity. A file layout is a specification of the format and structure of a data file. A file layout can provide some information about the transaction audit trail, but it is not as detailed or comprehensive as data architecture. A file layout shows the fields, types, lengths and positions of data in a file, but it does not show the origin, flow, transformation and destination of data in an online transaction. Source code documentation is a description of the logic, functionality and purpose of a program or module written in a programming language. Source code documentation can provide some information about the transaction audit trail, but it is not as detailed or comprehensive as data architecture. Source code documentation shows the instructions, variables and parameters that are used to perform calculations and operations on data, but it does not show the data elements, attributes and relationships that are involved in each instruction or operation. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version) 1, Chapter 4: Information Systems Operations and Business Resilience, Section 4.2: Data Administration Practices.
NEW QUESTION # 468
欺騙內部 Internet 協定 (IP) 位址的外部攻擊者最好透過下列哪一項來偵測？
- A. 將來源位址與用作入口點的介面進行比較
- B. 使用靜態IP位址進行識別
- C. 使用狀態表來比較每個資料包進入系統時的消息狀態
- D. 將來源位址與網域名稱伺服器 (DNS) 項目進行比較
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 469
在審查兩個組織之間的互惠災難復原協議時，下列哪一項應該是 IS 審計員最關心的問題？
- A. IT 政策和程序的差異
- B. 硬體和軟體相容性維護
- C. 系統測試的頻率
- D. 終止協議的權利
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 470
下列哪一項應該是成功實施企業資料分類計畫的第一步？
- A. 核准資料分類政策。
- B. 確認該項目有足夠的資源。
- C. 選擇資料遺失防護 (DLP) 協定。
- D. 檢查所需的監理要求。
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 471
一位系統管理員最近向 IS 審計員通報了來自組織外部的多次未成功的入侵嘗試。下列哪一項對於偵測此類入侵最有效？
- A. 定期檢查日誌文件
- B. 使用具有一次性密碼的智慧卡
- C. 將路由器設定為防火牆
- D. 安裝基於生物辨識的身份驗證
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Periodically reviewing log files is the most effective way to detect intrusion attempts from outside the organization, as they can provide evidence of unauthorized access attempts, source IP addresses, timestamps and other relevant information. Using smart cards with one-time passwords or installing biometrics-based authentication can prevent unauthorized access, but not detect it. Configuring the router as a firewall can block unwanted traffic, but not log it. References: ISACA, CISA Review Manual, 27th Edition, 2018, page 361
NEW QUESTION # 472
當組織計劃將資料儲存外包給第三方提供者時，下列哪一項對組織來說最重要？
- A. 提供者的技能和經驗
- B. 提供服務的成本
- C. 儲存資料的分類級別
- D. 供應商營運所在的國家/地區
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 473
下列哪一種方法最能在多租戶雲端環境中強制實施資料外洩防護？
- A. 請租戶實施資料分類政策
- B. 每季都會進行一次全面的安全審查。
- C. 不同租戶的資料依資料庫模式隔離
- D. 監控工具配置為在停機時發出警報
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Data leakage prevention (DLP) is the process of preventing unauthorized access, disclosure, or transfer of sensitive data. In a multi-tenant cloud environment, where multiple customers share the same infrastructure and resources, DLP is a critical challenge. One of the best methods to enforce DLP in such an environment is to require tenants to implement data classification policies. Data classification policies define the types and levels of sensitivity of data, and the corresponding security controls and measures to protect them. By implementing data classification policies, tenants can ensure that their data is properly labeled, encrypted, segregated, and monitored according to their specific requirements and compliance standards. This can help prevent data leakage from accidental or malicious actions by other tenants, cloud service providers, or external parties.
References:
2: How Do I Secure my Data in a Multi-Tenant Cloud Environment? | Thales
3: Protecting Sensitive Customer Data in a Cloud-Based Multi-Tenant Environment | Saturn Cloud
4: Microsoft 365 isolation controls - Microsoft Service Assurance
NEW QUESTION # 474
為了確保正確實施資料遺失防護 (DLP) 流程，應先執行下列哪項操作？
- A. 將系統上儲存的資料分類。
- B. 測量儲存的資料量。
- C. 決定用於傳輸資料的方法。
- D. 標識資料在其係統上的位置。
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 475
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